Differences In Motor Abilities Research Articles

Differences in motor abilities between blind students and students without visual impairment

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of motor abilities development in blind students and students without visual impairments, as well as to examine whether there are differences in motor abilities development between these two groups of participants. The research included 22 blind student (11 girls and 11 boys) and 22 students without visual impairments, aged 11-17 years. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) was used to assess motor abilities. The analysis of the results revealed that the motor abilities development of blind students was significantly below average, while students without visual impairments showed an average level of motor abilities development. When comparing the achievements of blind students and students without visual impairments, it was observed that blind students had poorer performance on both the overall motor test and the subtests of bilateral coordination, upper limb coordination, and balance. On the other hand, students without visual impairments achieved good results on all tested subtests.

Differences in Motor Abilities among Basketball Players in Relation to Biological Maturity

Basketball is a popular team sport with a combination of alternating and high-intensity activities. Physical characteristics related to age and maturity can be quite important for developing the career of a young athlete. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in motor skills among basketball players with regard to their biological maturity. Using the Mirwald equation, the total sample of participants was divided into three groups based on their biological maturity: early-maturing (postPHV), normally-maturing (midPHV), and late-maturing (prePHV). The sample of participants consisted of 51 basketball players (body height 171±12 cm; body weight 63±15.7 kg; BMI 21.3±3.8). Tests of speed (5, 10, 20m sprint), explosive power of the lower extremities (the countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJwas), the countermovement jump (CMJ), and the squat jump (SJ)), and agility (the t-test, zigzag, and slalom test) were evaluated. The one-factor ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between groups in the slalom, t-test, and zig-zag test (p<0.05). On the sprint tests and tests assessing explosive power no difference was found. We can conclude that this group of participants showed equal performance in motor skills on most tests, regardless of their maturity status. The primary significance of this study is that it shows coaches the importance of understanding their players’ biological maturation for optimal selection, suitable training design, and a reduction in the risk of injury.

Keep a level head to know the way ahead: How rodents travel on inclined surfaces?

SummaryAnimals traveling on a horizontal surface stabilize their head in relation to the substrate in order to gather spatial information and orient. What, however, do they do when traveling on an incline? We examined how three rodent species differing in motor abilities and habitats explore a platform tilted at 0–90°, hypothesizing that they would attempt to maintain bilateral vestibular cues. We found that traveling up or down was mainly straight vertically rather than diagonally, which results in identical bilateral vestibular cues. This was also achieved when traveling horizontally through rotating the head to parallel the horizontal plane. Traveling diagonally up or down was avoided, perhaps due to different bilateral vestibular cues that could hinder orientation. Accordingly, we suggest that maintaining identical bilateral cues is an orientational necessity that overrides differences in motor abilities and habitats, and that this necessity is a general characteristic of animals in motion.

Razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima i morfološkim karakteristikama između dečaka i devojčica starosti 8 godina

The aim of the study was to determine the difference in motor abilities and morphological characteristics between boys and girls aged 8 years. The research was conducted at the beginning of the 2020/2021 school year. year in the elementary school "Dimitrije Tucovic" in Kraljevo. The research sample included 26 boys and 24 girls from two second-grade classes. which makes a total of 50 respondents. Measurements of anthropometric variables were performed in accordance with the International Biological Program (IBP). To assess the morphological status, 12 morphological measures were used: skin fold of the upper arm, skin fold of the back, skin fold of the abdomen, body height, arm length, leg length, shoulder width, hand width, fist width, body weight, mean forearm circumference and middle the circumference of the bent forearm. 8 tests were used to assess motor skills: backstroke polygon, slalom with three balls, hand tapping, forward-leaning in the saddle, long jump from a place, running at 20 m, endurance in a joint, and lifting the torso for 60 s. Gender differences in morphological variables were examined by t-test for independent samples, and in motor, variables using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. No statistically significant differences in morphological variables and motor abilities were observed between boys and girls.

Razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima kod dečaka predškolskog uzrasta

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in motor abilities in preschool boys, depending on the level of their physical activity. The total sample consisted of 30 boys aged between 6 and 7, who attended kindergartens "Plavi zec" and "Kolibri" in the city of Paracin. The sample was divided into two subsamples. The first subsample consisted of 15 boys who, in addition to physical activity in the kindergarten (according to the plan and program implemented by the preschool institution), were, in the previous six months, members of the soccer club "Vuk" from Paracin. The frequency of children's exercises in the football club was three times a week for 60 minutes. The second subsample consisted of 15 boys who did not have additional (organized) physical activity outside the plan and program implemented in the preschool institution. Motor abilities were determined by using a standardized battery of motor tests, taken from the research of Bale and Popovic (2007). Running speed (20 meter run from a standing start), frequent arm movement (arm taping), explosive leg strength (standing depth jump), explosive arm strength (throwing a 1kg medicine ball) and body coordination (polygon backwards) were tested. Differences in motor abilities were calculated by T-test and by using a small and independent sample size. The results of this study indicate that boys who were involved in additional physical activities (r < .05).

Differences in Motor Abilities of Track and Field Athletes and Calisthenics Practitioners

Differences in Motor Abilities of Track and Field Athletes and Calisthenics Practitioners

Differences in motor abilities among the students of the Department of Kinesiology in Osijek

The aim of this research was to determine the differences in motor abilities between two generations of students of the Kinesiology Department with the Faculty of Education in Osijek, as part of Basic Kinesiological Transformations course and also to determine the differences based on gender. Subject sample consisted of 112 students of Kinesiology, of which 53 subjects were from the first generation and 59 subjects from the second. Tests for assessment of motor abilities of repetitive power and strength were pull-ups, sit-ups, chest presses and back squats. A significant difference in motor abilities between the two generations of Kinesiology Department students was observed only in the motor test for assessment of repetitive power – pull-ups - among male students, whereby male students of the second generation achieved significantly better results. Differences between the two generations of female students have not been observed in any of the assessment tests. While analysing the differences based on gender, it has been observed that male students achieve significantly better results than female students in all the assessment tests of power and strength, except in sit-ups. The reason for the significant differences observed between the two generations of students of the Kinesiology Department only in the test for assessment of repetitive power – pull-ups – probably lies in the fact that the pull-ups, because of the complexity needed for executing them correctly, have caused a higher degree of motivation while training, whereas other tests did not appear to be equally motivating. The differences observed based on gender correspond to standard differences which appear as a result of sexual dimorphism, even though the subjects in question were a homogenised group of kinesiology students.

Motorički i morfološki status predškolske dece

The aim of this paper is to provide records of differences in motor and morphological status of preschool girls and boys based on previous research. PubMed, SCIndeks and Web of Science were searched to find relevant articles. Thirty-one scientific and professional papers are included. The results indicate evident gender dimorphic differences in motor abilities and morphological status.

Differences in the Levels of Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Quality of Life of Elderly Koreans with Activity-Limiting Disabilities.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical activity, mental health, and quality of life between the elderly without activity-limiting disabilities and in elderly with activity-limiting disabilities, stratified by medical category. Methods: A total of 1504 elders aged 65–80 who responded to the 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were the participants in this study. They were divided into two groups, 303 elders with disabilities who responded to the survey saying they have active limiting disabilities, and 1201 elders without disabilities. The questionnaire reflected the criteria of a survey developed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) to measure the physical activity of elders. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) were used to measure participants’ mental health and quality of life, respectively. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, marital status, notional basic livelihood, recipient status, and personal income was conducted for data analysis after the normal distribution was confirmed. Results: Significant differences between elders with disabilities and those without disabilities were seen in terms of physical activity levels (p < 0.01), stress, and depression (p < 0.001), and in all five domains measuring the quality of life (p < 0.05). The ANCOVA revealed significant differences in motor ability (p < 0.01) and pain/discomfort (p < 0.05) relating to the quality of life among the elders with activity-limiting disability depending on the medical category. Conclusions: The results could provide basic data regarding the degree of physical activity, mental health, and quality of life according to activity-limitation disability status and medical category. From the findings, elders with disabilities are clearly more exposed to risk in the areas of physical activity, mental health, and quality of life. Differences in quality of life among elderly with disabilities were also seen based on medical category. Our findings suggest that research into elders with disabilities should consider the implications of these results.

Obesity caused by a high-fat diet regulates the Sirt1/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway to exacerbate isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older mice

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the effects of obesity caused by high-fat diet (HFD) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and expression of the Sirt1/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in the hippocampus of older mice. Methods: Fifty-six 15-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into eight groups – ad libitum control (ALC), ad libitum surgery (ALS), ad libitum surgery with PBS (ALS + PBS), ad libitum surgery with resveratrol (ALS + Res), HFD control (HFC), HFD surgery (HFS), HFD surgery with PBS (HFS + PBS), HFD surgery with resveratrol (HFS + Res). Surgery group mice were exposed to isoflurane before tibial fracture internal fixation. Open field tests and fear conditioning were performed to test motor ability and memory. The levels of expression of Sirt1, PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF were detected using western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: The results of the open field tests indicated there were no between-group differences in motor ability and anxiety. The results of the fear conditioning indicated that the memory of the HFC group and HFS group mice were significantly worse compared with the ALC group and ALS group mice, respectively. There were parallel decreases in expression of the Sirt1/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in the hippocampi of the HFC and HFS group mice. Resveratrol treatment attenuated the memory loss by increasing hippocampal Sirt1 expression. Expression of the PGC-1α/FNDC5/ BDNF pathway in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was upregulated after resveratrol treatment. Conclusion: An HFD exacerbates POCD in older mice. This change was related to HFD inhibition of expression of the Sirt1/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in the hippocampus. Resveratrol pretreatment reversed the memory loss via upregulation of this pathway.

Gender-related differences in motor abilities of children in the fencing school

Gender-related differences in motor abilities of children in the fencing school

DIFFERENCES IN MOTOR SKILS BETWEEN PRESCHOOL BOYS AND GIRLS

The study was conducted on a sample of 50 boys and 44 girls aged 6 and 7 from Novi Sad. Seven motor skills tests were conducted. Multivariate (MANOVA) analysis of variance has revealed statistically significant differences in motor abilities between boys and girls (F=2.60; P=0.02). Separate analysis has concluded that those differences exist in the motor-ability factor for the assessment of the whole body coordination – Polygon backwards (p=0.02) and the lower-limb explosive power evaluation – A 20 m sprint test froma starting position (p=0.04) in favor of boys in both cases, as well as the the factor for the functional synegry and the regulation of muscle tone manifested through the variable Wide-angle seated forward bend (p=0.04) in favor of girls.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MOTOR ABILITY OF CHILDREN.

20Dec 2016 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MOTOR ABILITY OF CHILDREN. Sandip Kr. Mandal. Assistant Professor in physical Education; Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya; District: Hooghly; Affiliated by the University of Burdwan; W.B., India.

Differences in motor abilities of boys and girls aged 7 in relation to the level of intellectual ability

Differences in motor abilities of boys and girls aged 7 in relation to the level of intellectual ability

Relative age effects on motor performance of seventh-grade pupils

Annual age grouping of children according to their birth year is a common practice of the educational systems of many countries. This variation in birth dates among children grouped in the same generation is known as relative age and its implications on different developmental outcomes are referred to as relative age effects (RAEs). The previous body of research of RAEs in youth populations has focused on sporting samples; however, studies examining RAEs in physical education are scarce. The current study investigates the influence of the RAEs on motor abilities in a sample of adolescent pupils. The results indicate significant differences in motor abilities between relatively older and relatively younger participants of both sexes. Since RAE is an under-researched area in physical education, the results may have substantial implications for PE assessment given the fact that many PE teachers still carry out typical norm-referenced assessments. Possible recommendations for future research are discussed.

Differences in motor abilities between dancers in professional and amateur folklore ansambles

Differences in motor abilities between dancers in Serbinan professional folklore ansamble for dance and sing 'Kolo' in Belgrade and amateur folklore ansambles from coulture-arts society 'Vila' and 'Sonja Marinkovic' from Novi Sad had been tested on sample of 47 members. Motor area was examined by Provincial Governement Institute tests for Sport in Novi sad, and it was received 9 variables: single movement speed, explosivity below extremities (legs), endurance in jumping, absolutely strength backs' flexor muscule, relatively strength backs' flexor muscule, absolutely strength backs' extensor muscule, relatively strength backs' extensor muscule, absolutely strength backs' flexor muscule, relatively strength backs' flexor muscule. Relatively values obtained from absolutely values results using mathemathics. To determine differences between folklore dancers in whole variable system, it was used multivariante analysis variance (MANOVA). It was determined differences between sexes in motor abilities. Data was obtained by statistic packet SPSS 10.0. The aim was to find significant differences in nine mentioned variables between professional and amateur dancers and between sexes. Received results showed that there was not significant differences between professional and amateur dancers. Between sexes it was significant differences in man benefit, except one variable single movement speed. The conclusion is that for better, statisticaly significant results, professional dancers should enlarge contents and expend training intensity.

Motor Abilities and Coping in Children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder

Introduction: This study was conducted in order to identify differences in motor abilities and coping in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. The study also discusses the relationship between coping and motor abilities. Method: A cross-sectional design with two independent groups was chosen to identify the differences. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children — second edition (Henderson et al 2007) was used to assess motor skills. Coping was evaluated with the Coping Inventory observation form (Adaptive Behaviour Index) (Zeitlin 1985). Results: Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed significant differences between the motor abilities and coping efforts of children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Calculations using Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between coping and motor competences. In the overall model, boys and children with lower coping efforts were found more likely to be participants in the group with development coordination disorder. Conclusion: Children with coordination problems differ from typically developing children in their motor and coping abilities when rated by their parents. This highlights the importance of paying attention to the coping strategies and resources of children with developmental coordination disorder during therapy.

Quantitative differences in motor abilities and basic anthropometrics characteristics of boys and girls from fourth grade of primary school

In order to determine the quantitative differences in motor abilities and basic anthropometric characteristics by gender, we were testing 123 students of the primary school (fourth grade, 10,5 years old). Testing was applied technique of research. Two basic anthropometric measures and 14 motor tests were selected for measuring instruments. Using canonical discriminant analysis leads to results which indicate the presence of statistically significant quantitative differences in motor abilities of boys and girls but not in the anthropometric chararacteristics. Boys were in almost all motor variables statistically significantly better, except in variables for evaluation of flexibility which is more expressed by girls, but in the anthropometric characteristics there is no statistically significant differences relating to gender. Based on research results it is deduced that we need to differentiate primary students of the fourth grade by gender, because of the different levels of motor skills. Fourth grade students do not only need different approach to the work, they also need more frequent physical activity which is indispensable for development and growth.

Assessment of Motor Functioning in the Preschool Period

The assessment of motor functioning in young children has become increasingly important in recent years with the acknowledgement that motor impairment is linked with cognitive, language, social and emotional difficulties. However, there is no one gold standard assessment tool to investigate motor ability in children. The aim of the current paper was to discuss the issues related to the assessment of motor ability in young pre-school children and to provide guidelines on the best approach for motor assessment. The paper discusses the maturational changes in brain development at the preschool level in relation to motor ability. Other issues include sex differences in motor ability at this young age, and evidence for this in relation to sociological versus biological influences. From the previous literature it is unclear what needs to be assessed in relation to motor functioning. Should the focus be underlying motor processes or movement skill assessment? Several key assessment tools are discussed that produce a general measure of motor performance followed by a description of tools that assess specific skills, such as fine and gross motor, ball and graphomotor skills. The paper concludes with recommendations on the best approach in assessing motor function in pre-school children.

A comparison of motor abilities and perceived self-efficacy between children with hearing impairments and normal hearing children

Purpose. The present study evaluates the differences in motor abilities and in self-efficacy between children with hearing impairments and children with normal hearing.Method. Participants were 48 children, aged 5 – 9 years, including 22 with hearing impairments and 26 with normal hearing. Motor abilities were evaluated by the Children Activity Scales for Teachers (ChAS-T) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Self-efficacy was evaluated using the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System (PEGS).Results. Children with hearing impairments showed significantly lower motor abilities, according to the ChAS-T and the MABC. No significant differences were found between the groups in regard to the self-efficacy level according to most evaluated scales. Results for the study group revealed a significant correlation between the ChAS-T and the static balance score of the MABC. In both groups, significant correlations were found between motor abilities and child's age.Conclusions. While children with hearing impairments may show lower motor abilities, as expressed by the MABC and the ChAS-T, their self-efficacy is similar to that of their normal hearing peers.